Pre Ap World History Chapter 3 Vocabulary Free Essays

Pre-AP World History Chapter 3 Vocabulary 1. Yellow and Yangtze Rivers-contained numerous agrarian settlements, were stream valleys 2. Gobi Desert-in northwest China, closing off intruders from the north and northwest 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pre Ap World History Chapter 3 Vocabulary or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Tibetan Plateau-north of the Himilayan Mountains, shielded the west from attack 4. Yangshao and Longshan societies distinguished as the painted and dark ceramics societies 5. Xia Dynasty-began around 4000 years back, pioneer Yu presented water system and depleting 6. Shang Dynasty-afterthe Xia in the sixteenth century B. C. E. , prophet bones found in Anyang 7. Anyang-capital of the Shang Dynasty, prophet bones were uncovered uncovering early composing 8. Xinjiang carcasses from 2000 B. C. E. , obviously European, uncovering movement eastbound 9. prophet bones-turtle shells that had Chinese composition on one side, and scratchs from divine beings 10. Shang bronzes-utensils,weapons,ritual objects were produced using bronze throwing 11. well field framework 8 families developed their own plot and cooperated on the ninth plot 12. Zhou Dynasty-2 capital urban areas for a progressively broad administration, regions w/govenors 13. silk-found on bronzes and in burial chambers, utilized for garments and wrapping the dead 14. Silk Road-a movement course from China westbound, exchanging generally silk 15. Command of Heaven-the option to administer from the divine beings, a line can lose and pick up M. O. H. 16. Ceremonies of Zhou-one of the most established enduring archives, expressing that Zhou governed bc of MOH 17. yin and yang-connecting, contradicting powers in nature, consistently ought to be in balance *18. Yi Jing/Book of Changes-19. Confucius-the lader of Confucianism, faith in 5 key connections and obedient devotion 20. The Analects-composed by Confucius’ supporters on the maxims and thoughts identifying with him 21. Mencius-(370-290 BCE) a logician who focused on the humanistic side of Confucianism 22. Legalism-people were underhanded commonly, and needed to have unforgiving laws and severe disciplines *23. Method of Great Learning-24. Lao Tzu-organizer of Daoism, â€Å"Old Master† 25. Daoism-dependent on powers in nature, which should have been adjusted (yin and yang) 26. Dao de Jing-essential report which makes unique ideas somewhat hard to get 27. wu wei-to decipher the desire of Heaven isn't activity yet INACTION 28. Time of Warring States-the period between 2 administrations; one losing power, one picking up it 29. Qin Dynasty-(221-206 BCE)legalism, severe censorship,standardized weights;measures 30. Qin Shi Huangdi-first ruler of Qin, rose to seat at age 13 of every 246 BCE, Li Su is counsel 31. Xianyang-the capital where privileged factions had to live, so court could screen *32. Sima Qian-33. Xiongnu-northern wanderers who represented the danger of invading(possibly identified with Huns) 34. Incredible Wall-an exorbitant undertaking to keep intruders out from the North, eased back yet not halted 35. Han Dynasty-(202 BCE-221 CE)founded by Liu Bang, dictorial gov’t and common help tests 36. eunuchs-guys who had their gonads evacuated (maimed) 37. Liu Bang-organizer of the Han tradition 38. tate Confucianism-Confucian convention joined with Legalist practice 39. common help test tests regulated to laborers in the organization to check whether they qualify *40. Han Wudi-*41. Wang Mang-reformist authority who held onto power 42. Chang’an-the capital of the Han Empire in China 43. obedient devotion regard for one’s guardians and seniors in the public arena 44. B ao-jia framework shaping a gathering of families for excersizing shared control and observation 45. Xian’s earthenware armed force earthenware fighters to secure the main head of Qin’s burial place 46. Book of Songs and Song of the South-a book of around 300 sonnets composed during the early Zhou administration Step by step instructions to refer to Pre Ap World History Chapter 3 Vocabulary, Papers

Fundamentals of Financial Position Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Fundamentals of Financial Position Management. Answer: Presentation: This report has been set up to examine and comprehend the stock position and the exhibition of a comapny. In this report, different devices and methods have been explored to recognize the exhibition of the Apple Inc. This report would brief that whether the financial specialists must put resources into this comapny or not. Principal examination strategy is significant for each financial specialist to investigate and recognize the exhibition of the comapny so that the good and bad times of a comapny could be found and the business position could likewise be broke down. For breaking down the key examination of the comapny, different instruments and strategies have been researched to distinguish the presentation. Apple Inc has its activities in the universal market. The administrative center of the comapny is in California. The fundamental items and the administrations of the comapny are to offer different electronic items and the administrations of the electronic items to its customers. The primary results of the comapny are cell phones, workstations, music framework and so on to the customers through disconnected and online stores. This comapny is the pioneer in the market and it takes a shot at its own working framework IOS ((Brigham, Eugene and Houston, 2013). The exhibition of the Apple Inc has been assessed to break down and settle on a choice about the speculation and divestment from the comapny. The presentation of the comapny and the examination over the comapny delineate that the deals of the comapny is portraying about the better execution, the EPS and incomes of the comapny has been upgraded. Profit execution of the comapny pulls in the speculators more to put into the comapny. Market capital of the comapny delineate that the capital of the comapny is as per the business and the organization is very appealing to make venture (Yahoo account, 2017). Further, the money related examination of the comapny has been broke down to establish the exhibition and the situation of the organization. Proportion investigation study has been performed to assess the money related situation of the organization. Proportion investigation study plays out that the situation of the comapny as far as gainfulness, liquidity, equipping, effectiveness and venture proportions have been exceptional in every single terms. The situation of the comapny portray that it is the best choice to put into the comapny (Morningstar, 2017). As indicated by the above assessment and the counts over the presentation and budgetary situation of the comapny, it has been discovered that the comapny must sold out the stock as the inborn estimation of the comapny is very lesser than the market cost of the stock and hence it is acceptable choice for the financial specialists to sell out the stock at the present time and get more come back from the market. PE Multiple Model Industry PE proportion 11.50 EPS 8.31 Inborn Value 95.57 Offer Price 163.050003 Exaggerated Venture proposal and feeling: It is required for each speculator to investigate the market and the inward and outside situation of the business and the comapny to examine that it is useful for the financial specialists to put into the market or not (Glen, 2013). Venture is an open door which helps the individual and the individuals to snatch the most noteworthy market come back from the market. It causes the financial specialists to upgrade the value of their put sum in scarcely any days. Different examiners express that it is the best choice for the individuals to put their sum into the money related market to raise and upgrade the value of the sum. Ventures are the best alternative for the individual and the individuals to improve the value of their investment funds. Through, different dangers and the qualities are constantly connected with the venture (Higgins, 2012). The primary danger of the speculation is the high hazard than saving the sum from bank or keeps the sum at home and the principle quality of a venture is the exceptional yield which couldn't be found in the bank or from some other sources. Efficient surveys have likewise been done to examine and research the progressions into the market. As indicated by the assessment, it has been discovered that the worldwide market has been influenced because of the worldwide monetary emergency while back and because of which, the exhibition of the comapny has likewise been influenced (Madhura, 2011). Further, it has been discovered that correct now the situation of the economy has gotten better. Subterranean insect hence the turnover of the comapny has likewise been improved. Through this report, it has been discovered that it is very correct time for financial specialists to put into the market and snatch the significant yields from the market. The examination over the business has likewise been done to break down the exhibition of the comapny as far as the business and it has been discovered that the APPLE INC is the pioneer in the market and it is one of the most selling cell phone organizations in the around the world. As indicated by the different reports and the articles, it has been discovered that the Smartphone deals is upgrading step by step in the worldwide market and therefore there are different open doors for the comapny to get the market and improve the gainfulness position and turnover more. The business is portraying about the different conceivable and positive changes which would help the comapny to develop more (Brigham, Eugene and Houston, 2012). End: As indicated by this report, investigation over the business, examination over the comapny and the affordable condition, it has been found and presumed that the comapny is performing very well in the market. The presentation and the situation of the comapny are right now upgrading. This assessment and the estimation delineate that the financial specialist could put into the long haul. As indicated by the assessment over the stock cost of the comapny, it has been discovered that the inherent estimation of the comapny is very lesser than the market cost of the stock and along these lines it is acceptable alternative for the speculators to sell out the stock at this moment and get more come back from the market. The base up examination study delineate that the comapny is a decent alternative for the speculators to put for the long time in this comapny. References: Arnold, Glen.Corporate money related administration. Pearson Higher Ed, 2013. Brigham, Eugene F., and Joel F. Houston.Fundamentals of money related administration. Cengage Learning, 2012. Brigham, Eugene F., and Michael C. Ehrhardt.Financial the executives: Theory practice. Cengage Learning, 2013. Higgins, Robert C.Analysis for money related administration. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2012. Madura, Jeff.International budgetary administration. Cengage Learning, 2011. Morningstar. Apple Inc. Recovered from https://financials.morningstar.com/salary articulation/is.html?t=AAPLregion=usaculture=en-US, 2017. Hurray money, IXIC, Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/%5EIXIC/history?period1=1477682726period2=1509218726interval=1dfilter=historyfrequency=1d, 2017. Hurray money. Apple Inc. Recovered from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AAPL/history?p=AAPL, 2017.

How to Stop Running Out of Time on SAT Math

Instructions to Stop Running Out of Time on SAT Math SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is intended to be taken by each secondary school understudy in the nation, which implies it can just test math ideas that each understudy has had involvement in. The manner in which the makers of the test make it hard is by introducing inquiries in abnormal manners ways that you never find in your math classes-and by putting you on an exacting time crunch. On the off chance that you've at any point begun blowing a gasket toward the finish of a SAT Math segment, uncertain how you're ever going to overcome the whole segment, you know precisely what we mean. In any case, don't surrender! In this guide, we'll walk you through the planning of the test and show you how to finish before time runs out and boost your time on the SAT. Breakdown of the SAT Math Sections by Time The SAT Math segment is isolated into two sections one where you can utilize a number cruncher and one where you can't. The no number cruncher part of SAT Math will consistently be the third area of the content, and the adding machine part will consistently be the fourth segment of the test. Both of these areas will be principally different decision, with a couple of framework in inquiries toward the finish of each segment. Here's a diagram demonstrating the configuration of SAT Math. Segment Time in Minutes # of Questions Time per Question Math No Calculator 25 20 75 seconds Math Calculator 55 38 87 seconds No Calculator Section In this segment, you'll have 25 minutes to respond to 20 inquiries, which offers you around 75 seconds to response each address. The initial 15 inquiries in this area are different decision, and the last five are matrix in. Number cruncher Section For the number cruncher area, you'll have 55 minutes to respond to 38 inquiries. This gives you around 87 seconds for every inquiry. The initial 30 inquiries are various decision, and the last eight inquiries in this segment are lattice in. Somewhat more than a moment to a moment and a half for every inquiry may not appear to be a ton of time (particularly on the off chance that you begin to frenzy or freeze up), yet pretty much every SAT Math issue can be illuminated well under one moment in the event that you know about how to move toward the issue. At the point when you become acquainted with the ordinary SAT question designs, you can get quicker at both understanding what these abnormal inquiries are posing and in discovering fast arrangements and easy routes. Continue perusing to figure out how to do that! Step by step instructions to Develop a Time-Saving Strategy for SAT Math In this area, we go over the three stages you should take so as to build up your procedure for augmenting your time on the SAT. From that point forward, we clarify how SAT Math scoring functions at that point plunge into the efficient systems you ought to follow. Stage 1: Determine Your Target Score You first need to make sense of what your objective score for the SAT is. You may locate that, in light of the schools you're keen on, you don't have to stress over raising your Math score. Your objective score depends on the normal SAT scores of acknowledged understudies of the schools you need to apply to. For a bit by bit clarification on the most proficient method to make sense of what SAT score you should focus on, look at our guide explicitly regarding the matter. Your objective Math score will be a scaled score, the score out of 800 that you'll see on your score report. To make sense of what number of inquiries you have to get option to meet your objective score, you'll have to change over that score into a crude score. We disclose how to do that in the following area. Stage 2: Take a Practice Test In the event that you haven't effectively, after you make sense of your objective SAT score, you should take a training SAT (or if nothing else only a SAT Math area). This will give you a thought of how well you're at present scoring and the amount you have to improve by. On the off chance that you need assistance scoring your SAT Math area, look at the following segment. You should know both your present crude and scaled SAT Math scores before moving onto the efficient procedures. Stage 3: Follow the Strategy That Fits Your Current Scoring Level Your methodology for getting yourself additional time relies upon both your underlying score go and your objective score (and will advance as your scores change). We’ve sorted out these time-amplifying methodologies into four classifications: general efficient tips for all levels, tips if you’re as of now scoring underneath 400 in Math, if you’re scoring somewhere in the range of 400 and 600, and if you’re scoring more than 600. More often than not sparing systems depend on you skipping the hardest inquiries on SAT Math to concentrate additional time on questions you have a higher possibility of noting effectively. At the point when we allude to skipping inquiries on the SAT, we mean doing whatever it takes not to take care of the issue and rather simply speculating on the appropriate response. Since there are no point conclusions for wrong answers, you ought to consistently respond to each SAT question, regardless of whether you simply pick an arbitrary answer, since you may luck out and pick the correct answer! The most effective method to Calculate Your SAT Math Goal Before you move to the methodology that suits your present Math score level, it’s a smart thought to comprehend the connection between your scaled score and your crude score. In this area, we clarify the distinctive SAT Math scores and how to compute them so you can make sense of what your objective score is and where you're right now scoring on SAT Math. Your crude score is just the quantity of SAT Math addresses you addressed effectively. This number is then changed over into a scaled score out of 800. The scaled score is the score you see on your score report. To ascertain your crude Math score, take a training SAT Math segment, at that point simply include the quantity of inquiries you addressed accurately in both SAT Math parts. (There is no punishment for off base or skipped questions.) This number will be out of 58. At that point, take a gander at the diagram underneath, locate your crude score, and see which scaled score it relates to. For instance, in the event that you addressed 30 Math questions effectively, that implies your crude score is 30 and your scaled score is 530. Each SAT will have a marginally extraordinary crude to scaled score transformation, however utilizing this diagram will give you a decent gauge of what score you'd jump on SAT Math. Crude Score Math SectionScaled Score 58 800 57 790 56 780 55 760 54 750 53 740 52 730 51 710 50 700 49 690 48 680 47 670 46 670 45 660 44 650 43 640 42 630 41 620 40 610 39 600 38 600 37 590 36 580 35 570 34 560 33 560 32 550 31 540 30 530 29 520 28 520 27 510 26 500 25 490 24 480 23 480 22 470 21 460 20 450 19 440 18 430 17 420 16 410 15 390 14 380 13 370 12 360 340 10 330 9 320 8 310 7 290 6 280 5 260 4 240 3 230 2 210 1 200 0 200 When you've made sense of your SAT objective score, you can likewise utilize this diagram to figure what crude score you requirement for SAT Math to arrive at that objective score. You would then be able to utilize this information to decide what number of SAT Math addresses you should reply to arrive at your objective score. For instance, on the off chance that your objective score on SAT Math is a 570, at that point your objective crude score is 35, and you should plan to reply around 41 or 42 inquiries. This will permit you to get a couple of inquiries off-base and still meet your objective. Recall that inquiries on the Math segment are generally requested by level of trouble, with the most effortless inquiries starting things out and the hardest inquiries coming toward the finish of the area. Along these lines, if you’re scoring beneath a 600, surmise haphazardly on the last inquiries of each segment and just endeavor to fathom the inquiries to start with and center. For understudies scoring in the 600 or above range, it’s going to be to your greatest advantage to attempt to unravel most, if only one out of every odd, issue. The special case to the standard of trouble level is in the area with lattice ins. The various decision inquiries of that segment go from â€Å"easy† to medium to hard and afterward resets in the network in. So the principal question of the lattice in will be more direct and less testing than the last inquiry of the numerous decision. Need to study the SAT however worn out on perusing blog articles? At that point you'll adore our free, SAT prep livestreams. Structured and driven by PrepScholar SAT specialists, these live video occasions are an incredible asset for understudies and guardians hoping to get familiar with the SAT and SAT prep. Snap on the catch underneath to enroll for one of our livestreams today! Practice your planning techniques, and you'll see you have time enough to finish each segment 8 Time-Saving Tips for All SAT Math Scoring Levels Whatever your present score, these techniques will assist you with beating the clock come test day. Peruse these tips first, at that point go onto the systems explicitly for your present score level. #1: Familiarize Yourself With the Test Ahead of Time The directions are the equivalent toward the start of each math segment on each SAT. Peruse them early so you don’t sit around idly on test day. Acclimate yourself with the structure of the test until it feels increasingly good and less remote. #2: Practice, Practice, Practice Plunk down with a test at home and take it coordinated. Become accustomed to both the sorts of inquiries on the test and the pacing you’ll need to complete on schedule. We suggest taking in any event three full-length SATs before test day so you're decidedly ready. #3: Learn to Let Go of a Question It tends to be exceptionally enticing to sit and attempt to figure an inquiry out, yet you need to figure out how to be increasingly heartless, both with how you answer questions and in picking which inquiries to reply. Every single inquiry merits a similar measure of focuses, so pick the inquiries you can illuminate most straightforward and quickest first and afterward attempt the additional tedious ones. On the off chance that you take a gander at a question and have no clue how you would approach illuminating it, m

Social learning theory in child psychology Essay

Social learning hypothesis in youngster brain science - Essay Example All these hypothetical details have encouraged youngster clinicians and specialists to comprehend kid conduct as far as the collaboration among such factors as one’s condition, conduct and mental procedures where positive and negative fortifications assume a vital job in regulating the child’s personal conduct standards. Bandura proceeds to indicate that â€Å"children learn and impersonate practices they have seen in other people† and his social learning hypothesis is established on three fundamental models of observational learning-live, verbal and representative model (Cherry). The displaying procedure includes four phases consideration, maintenance, propagation and inspiration. This comprehension has been end up being significant in youngster brain science as kids disguises a considerable lot of their standards of conduct and resulting social issues through perception and demonstrating from their quick life condition. Nonetheless, Bandura additionally held that outer or ecological support alone doesn't adjust conduct; he worried on â€Å"intrinsic fortification as a type of inside remuneration, for example, pride, fulfillment, and a feeling of accomplishment† through which the conduct of the individual is molded (Cherry). Accordingly, it is noteworthy that the youngster builds up a feeling of inborn support in his conduct alongside the enormous measure of outward fortifications that he gets from others. It is additionally beneficial to investigate how Beg and Beg respect social learning hypothesis regarding kid brain research. For them, social learning hypothesis, actually, â€Å"combines support learning hypothesis with psychoanalytic ideas and a portion of the bits of knowledge of social human sciences and sociology† and as such they hold that the fortification part of social learning hypothesis has got incredible significance in tweaking the child’s conduct through proper frameworks of remunerations and disciplines (Beg &Beg 35). One ought to likewise manage at the top of the priority list that later the idea of remunerations and disciplines gave way

Business Ethics in Latin America Essays

Business Ethics in Latin America Essays Business Ethics in Latin America Essay Business Ethics in Latin America Essay The business morals atmosphere in Latin America Written by Florien H. Universal Business Semester 2013 Course: Business Ethics The business morals atmosphere in Latin America An issue for global organizations, accepting Peru for instance! The Spanish saying: El line no trans no banana. (One that dosages t act unscrupulous won't continue), shockingly portrays best the predominant improper method for working together in the Latin American district. In spite of different ways to deal with accomplish a shared acknowledgment of those qualities among society, endeavors were completed neither tit economies of degree, nor state support. The endeavors remained futile and even were adumbrated by corruptive model and pay off which are as yet considered as a type of compensation. Despite the fact that in Latin America business may follow diverse good standards, morals can be characterized as a thorough scientific business instrument which applies least explain those ethical issues which regularly emerge in business (E. Sternberg; 1995). While traveling to another country, those unmistakable moral qualities regularly obscure and out of nowhere are slanted to show up as esteems in strain. For Donaldson, the key of acting moral, while continuous business outside your countrys fringes, is an exercise in careful control some place in the middle of social relativism and moral dominion, continually paying attention to human qualities. Thinking about the principal extraordinary, no culture s morals is better than some other and appropriately a relativist would consistently adjust the societys propensities in which he at present works. Anyway this liberal disposition falters once the issue turns out to be progressively critical. A social relativist would even acknowledge a business activity which damages human qualities. In 2010 Peru for example was tormented by a significant flooding. Particularly he locale around Mach Fichu, a region with a high extent of travelers was influenced. All streets and rails were impassible which neither made it practical for visitors to leave, nor guarantee the consistent gracefully of helps from outside. The wild strategic policies and feebleness of the administration drove the shop-, eatery , and inn proprietors to raise their costs, which constrained numerous sightseers to rest outside, being burglarized, and experiencing hunger (BBC_news). Since social relativists would not crash into this business lead, Donaldson calls them ethically visually impaired (Donaldson, 2003, p. 1 16). The subsequent outrageous, a moral radical, would in every case direct the individuals to continue as it is normal in the nation of origin. Hostility to this conduct additionally sounds from the South American world: This social assorted variety brings up troublesome philosophical issues, and some scrutinize the moral colonialism that they see the US and Europe to attempt to force on the remainder of the world ( O. Shiplap-Pieta, 1995, A locale on the move). The hypothesis behind it is absolutism which involves three center issues: The principal challenge is that the various societies ought to consistently be regarded despite the fact that perspectives may contrast from nation to nation. The subsequent issue depicts how individuals ought to show moral truth utilizing just one lot of ideas: We all learn morals with regards to our specific societies, and the force in the standards is profoundly attached to the manner by which they are communicated (Donaldson, 2003, p. 1 18). At long last, setting must consistently shape work on, having faith in a worldwide standard of moral conduct (Donaldson, 2003). Human qualities, which Donaldson portrays as the base moral principles that must guide director s activities as a benchmark for all organizations (Donaldson, 2003, . 21), consistently must be regarded and protected. They incorporate three basic beliefs: Firstly, the regard for human nobility by making and continuing a corporate culture, similar to one side for good wellbeing offered to each worker. Besides, the regard, backing and security for fundamental human rights, similar to wellbeing, training and a satisfactory way of life. At last, great citizenship is basic to hel p and three fill in as an ethical compass for all organizations, detailing and assessing norms of a moral direct. In spite of the fact that qualities, genuineness, religion, and regard really appear to be appealing heartsickness of the Latin American individuals, the picture is besmirched by debasement, extortion, pay off, and the dissimilarity of riches circulation. Low moral measures in the governmental issues have had profound effect on people, associations and the monetary framework (M. Radar, 1997, p. L). With a zone of around 21 million square kilometers, and an expected populace of in excess of 590 million individuals, essentially Spanish and Portuguese, the Roman Catholic overwhelmed zone partitions into 19 nations, with Peru being one of it. In spite of a 90% extent of this about strict category partaking in strict orientated affiliations like UNIVAC, even Monsignor Oscar Rodriguez, the leader of CLAM, the Latin American Bishop s Conference, communicated the congregation s uneasiness about the upsetting circumstance: Corruption has become a lifestyle in Latin America (C. Pieces, 1997, p. 7). The confidence in the congregation s ideal models, particularly in honesty the immovable adherence to a severe good or moral code (Defenestration. Com) and social obligation, is deplorably frequently exceptionally inaccessible and betimes prompts division. The exorbitant utilization, realism and self-centeredness, winning in the generally little upper layers of society, frequently conflicts with genuine destitution, brought about by an absence of instruction. As indicated by Radar the point ought to be to reinforce the strict development so as to arrive at a bigger extent of the populace and let their exercises be guided by the subsequent good standards. Business want for transient additions and a corruptive domain, even rehearsed by state administrators, isn't disdained as dishonest yet rather as a satisfactory social propensity. It appears as though irruption, apparently the most mind boggling issue of the Americas, has struck profound roots through all layers of society (O. Shiplap-Pieta, 1998). Those unsounded financial strategies suffered and poor administration even exacerbated it by debilitating the foundation of market rivalry. In 1995 defilement in Argentina, was accepted to represent an extent of 20 billion$ out of the all out GAP of 300 billion$ (Ernest Garcia, 1995). Chile administers for instance for the Latin world, a nation which commits high significance to the advancement of privately owned businesses since the 1980 s. Those elements advance the duty of business morals, among their organization, however for the Chilean culture in general. Oscar Shiplap-Pieta infers two destinations for a supportable usage of business morals in the Latin American culture, particularly for Peru: First of all, it is critical to set high and strong measures of responsibility, which go a long ways past the insignificant legitimate prerequisites, at present winning. Albeit clear guidelines and laws as of now exist, just a couple of districts in these nations uphold consistence. Complicity and conspiracy in equines are basic to the point that by and large the South American open significantly doubts business and government Following the lead of numerous political and business pioneers, and recognize that numerous people from higher social classes go unpunished, numerous conventional residents of South American nations Justify dishonest business morals programs, particularly for transnational organizations, should be actua lized. 90% of all Fortune 500 organizations have codes lead, and 70% have articulations of vision and qualities, yet wear t stick to it in business (Donaldson, 2003, p. 24). Those can, contradicted to the present conclusion, offer a success win circumstance in this way the organization will separate itself from the opposition. Still one needs to recognize that during the most recent decades precisely the Latin American locale has experienced an amazing procedure towards popular government and reasonableness in legislative issues and financial aspects. Peru, the third biggest nation of South America is presently, after a time of disturbance, making striking strides towards changing its current political framework and ascend in both, the turn of events and trust in the business division. It despite everything remains constant, that numerous agents think that its basic to recoup the ultra and strict conventions and particularly the youthful age uncovers a higher enthusiasm for reasonable strategic approaches. In like manner the quantity of understudies taking an interest in ethic courses has been rising continually (Russo/SSTEagleburger, 2012). Further instances of composed activities for an ethical restoration are the OAKS and its sanctioned sub-associations, a still exceptionally dynamic gathering of specialist from everywhere throughout the world, the Coax Round Table. All are continually looking for forms that distinguish shared qualities and points of view on business conduct adequate to and regarded by al (Coax Round Table. Organization). Despite the fact that the demeanor towards time is less inflexible than in different societies and Peruvians even recognize: la hoar persona and la hoar edges, Latino when all is said in done are known for their glow and invitingness which they at first express by welcome with much love. Muff may even be surprised to have a Latin representative hold your elbow while chatting, or stroll down the road affectionately intertwined (mass. Blandness; 2012, The Touchy Feeling). After some time they really care about your character and attempt to build up an individual business association of rust and closeness. It is fundamental to comprehend the way of life and modify your desires in like manner and soon you will locate a truly agreeable spot to work together in. All in all, Latin America has regardless of all positive improvement accomplished, still a significant overabundance of really putting the hypothetical bas

McMurphy v. Ratched Not So Different After All - Literature Essay Samples

Aragorn Louis most probably perfectly captured the relationship between McMurphy and Ratched in saying, Light is meaningful only in relation to darkness, and truth presupposes error. It is these mingled opposites which people our life, which make it pungent, intoxicating. We only exist in terms of this conflict, in the zone where black and white clash. In relation, if McMurphy is the light, and Ratched the dark, then we see that we can understand both only in relation to one another. In a sense, what makes these two characters so great, so appealing to the readers is the fact that they are taken in context with one another. Neither McMurphy nor Ratched on their own portray the message that Kesey wants to send-but together they do so perfectly. McMurphys philosophy of life is contingent upon sexuality, freedom, and determining his own fate. In a sense-he serves as the foil and true antithesis of Nurse Ratched and her personality. One of the major clashes that occurs with Nurse Ratch ed happens in their confrontation after his shower and when he has his bath robe on. In first arriving at the hospital, he never received a uniform, and so when Ratched tells him to take off his robe-we see a moment of tenseness as Ratched thinks he is going to strip nude. This poses a setback for Ratched because of her sexual repression. Shes always shied away from the sexual aspects of life. Shes felt that her breasts were too large and that they made her too womanly. A former Army nurse, Ratched represents the Combine-the mechanization and automation of society. She represents all that is and should be perfect. Her uniform is always neat and kept properly. Her glass is perfectly clear. But in this, McMurphys sexuality finds a hitting point. Sexuality involves passion, grace, lust, and love. Ratcheds automation is the opposite-it is monotony. Here we see a major conflict that lasts throughout the novel. The final showing of this lies in McMurphys ripping of Ratcheds shirt. In expo sing her and ruining her perfect uniform, he wins the ultimate battle. She has been violated beyond what she could control sexually, and she has lost control shell never be able to regain. But in some sense, the two can never coexist because they are so much alike. Both have an egotistical and controlling personality. Nurse Ratched walks into the room with a gust of cold and from then on all we see is her complete automation and control of the ward. Even in her manner of speech we see her level of control. For example when people speak out in the meetings she does not ask them to wait their turn or be quiet but instead tells them to do so. Just in these subtle maneuvers she has maintains a hold on them. The members of the ward feel as if they need Nurse Ratched to make decisions for them, despite their constant complaining about how they hate it there. McMurphy cannot coincide with Ratched exactly because of this reasoning-he cannot stand to be controlled by another. McMurphy has a naturally domineering personality. He values freedom and self-determination above all, and Ratched finds power in taking that away from the patients. Throughout the novel, we see a slow progression in the shift of power from Ratched to McMurphy. Because of the nature of McMurphys actions, he is able to rouse the patients into what he wants done. He convinces them that they are no crazier than the average asshole on the street and in doing so empowers them. But no matter how they feel, they do not act until McMurphy makes the first move, and psychologically this makes McMurphy an enabler. He allows others to express their true selves. But like Ratched, McMurphy wants to control the fates of the patients. Whose method is right in trying to improve the lives of the patients is for the reader to decide. Is Ratched trying to do whats best for her patients-or is she just feeding her ego by taking control? Is McMurphy really trying to better the lives of the patients-or is he just trying to get out and boost his ego? In the end, it appears that McMurphy wins. Yes, Ratcheds shirt does get torn and she does get her retaliation, but McMurphy will be a part of the patients lives forever. He serves as a martyr for their cause and they will never forget him.

Are You a Good Listener Quiz

Are you a good listener? Lets find out. On a scale of 25-100 (100 highest), how do you rate yourself as a listener? _____ Let’s find out how accurate your perception is. Rate yourself in the following situations and total your score. 4 Usually, 3 Frequently, 2 Sometimes, 1 Seldom ____ I try to listen carefully even when I’m not interested in the topic. ____ I’m open to viewpoints that are different from my own. ____ I make eye contact with the speaker when I’m listening. ____ I try to avoid being defensive when a speaker is venting negative emotions. ____ I try to recognize the emotion under the speaker’s words. ____ I anticipate how the other person will react when I speak. ____ I take notes when it’s necessary to remember what I’ve heard. ____ I listen without judgment or criticism. ____ I stay focused even when I hear things I don’t agree with or don’t want to hear. ____ I don’t allow distractions when I’m intent on listening. ____ I don’t avoid difficult situations. ____ I can ignore a speaker’s mannerisms and appearance. ____ I avoid leaping to conclusions when listening. ____ I learn something, however small, from every person I meet. ____ I try not to form my next response while listening. ____ I listen for main ideas, not just details. ____ I know my own hot buttons. ____ I think about what I’m trying to communicate when I speak. ____ I try to communicate at the best possible time for success. ____ I don’t assume a certain level of understanding in my listeners when speaking. ____ I usually get my message across when I communicate. ____ I consider which form of communication is best: email, phone, in-person, etc. ____ I tend to listen for more than just what I want to hear. ____ I can resist daydreaming when I’m not interested in a speaker. ____ I can easily paraphrase in my own words what I’ve just heard. ____ Total Scoring 75-100 You’re an excellent listener and communicator. Keep it up.50-74 You’re trying to be a good listener, but it’s time to brush up.25-49 Listening isn’t one of your strong points. Start paying attention. Learn how to be a better listener: Active Listening. Joe Grimms Listen and Lead project is a fabulous collection of listening tools. If your listening could be improved, get help from Joe. Hes a professional listener.

The Gift of the Magi Questions for Study and Discussion

The Gift of the Magi is one of the best-known and most-adapted short stories in modern American literature. Written in 1905 by O. Henry, the pen name used by William Sydney Porter, it tells the story of a poor, young married couple, Jim and Della, who want to buy Christmas gifts for each other but dont have enough money. Originally published in The New York Sunday World newspaper, The Gift of the Magi also appeared in the 1906 O. Henry anthology, The Four Million. The magi of the title refers to the three wise men from the Biblical story of Jesus birth. The three traveled a great distance to bring valuable gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh to the new baby, and, as O. Henry put it, invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Plot In this story, Dellas hair is spectacular: Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majestys jewels and gifts. Meanwhile, Jim as a prized gold watch that is described as follows: Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy. Della sells her hair to a wig maker to buy a chain for Jims watch for Christmas. Unbeknownst to her, however, Jim sells the watch to buy her a set of prized hair combs. Each gave up their most valued possession to get a gift for the other. The Gift of the Magi Discussion Questions What is important about the title? Does it suggest that the story has a religious lesson, or just that Christmas will figure into the plot somehow?What are some central ideas or themes of the story?What are some conflicts in the story? Are they internal or external?List a metaphor or comparison in the story. Explain it.Why do we spend so much time getting to know Della in the story, while Jim is introduced only near the very end? Is her perspective more or less important than his?Some of the language and phrasing O. Henry uses in The Gift of the Magi seems a bit outdated, particularly his descriptions of Della and references to salary and prices in 1905. How could the story be updated to be more contemporary without losing its central lessons of love and sacrifice?What are some symbols in The Gift of the Magi? Is it telling that Jim gives up something material that cant be reclaimed while Della gives up something that will regrow?Relate a symbol to a central idea or theme of the stor y.Does the story end the way you expected? Did you find it endearing that the two gave up their possessions for each other, or were you exasperated that neither could enjoy the others gift?How does this short story compare with other works in holiday literature? Is it similar to the lessons in works like Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol?How essential is the setting, both the time and place, to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else? Understanding The Gift of the Magi Describe a time when you picked out the perfect gift for someone or someone picked out the perfect gift for you. Why was it perfect?Describe a time when a gift didnt work out. What could have made the situation different? How was the situation handled?Describe an ironic incident in your own life. What was expected to happen, and why was the actual event ironic?

Alloy Definition and Examples in Chemistry

An alloy is a substance made by melting two or more elements together, at least one of them metal. An alloy crystallizes upon cooling into a solid solution, mixture, or intermetallic compound. The components of alloys cannot be separated using a physical means. An alloy is homogeneous and retains the properties of a metal, even though it may include metalloids or nonmetals in its composition. Alternate Spellings: alloys, alloyed Alloy Examples Examples of alloys include stainless steel, brass, bronze, white gold, 14k gold, and  sterling silver. Although exceptions exist, most alloys are named for their primary or base metal, with an indication of other elements in order of mass percent. Uses of Alloys Over 90% of metal used is in the form of alloys. Alloys are used because their chemical and physical properties are superior for an application than that of the pure element components. Typical improvements include corrosion resistance, improved wear, special electrical or magnetic properties, and heat resistance. Other times, alloys are used because they retain the key properties of component metals, yet are less expensive. Example Alloys Steel: the name given to an alloy of iron with carbon, usually with other elements, such as nickel and cobalt. The other elements add a desired quality to the steel, such as hardness or tensile strength.Stainless Steel: another iron alloy, which typically contains chromium, nickel, and other elements to resist rust or corrosion.18k Gold: this is 75% gold. The other elements typically include copper, nickel, or zinc. This alloy retains the color and luster of pure gold, yet is harder and stronger, making it better suited for jewelry.Pewter: an alloy of tin, with other elements such as copper, lead, or antimony. The alloy is malleable, yet stronger than pure tin, plus it resists the phase change of tin that can make it crumble at low temperatures.Brass: a mixture of copper with zinc and sometimes other elements. Brass is hard and durable, making it suitable for plumbing fixtures and machined parts.Sterling Silver: is 92.5% silver with copper and other metals. Alloying silver makes it h arder and more durable, although the copper tends to lead to greenish-black oxidation (tarnish).Electrum: Some alloys, like electrum, occur naturally. This alloy of silver and gold was highly prized by ancient man.Meteoritic Iron: While meteorites may consist of any number of materials, some are natural alloys of iron and nickel, with extraterrestrial origins. These alloys were used by ancient cultures to make weapons and tools.Amalgams: These are mercury alloys. The mercury makes the alloy much like a paste. Amalgams may be used in  dental fillings, with the mercury intact, although another use is to spread the amalgam and then heat it to vaporize the mercury, leaving a coating of another metal.

Genetically The Human Genome Manipulation Essay - 1237 Words

Genetically Modifying the Human Genome Genetically engineering the human genome, also known as the complete set of genetic material, is now more than just science fiction, after 25 years of collecting and analyzing scientific research, altering the human genome is becoming a concrete reality (Yu-Wai-Man 1323). Genetically modifying the human genome is deliberately altering human genes for the purpose of producing offspring with those genetic changes. Understanding the history of genome engineering, knowing the procedures, and being aware of the ethical issues of this aggressive approach to curing human genetic diseases are the main aspects to grasping the whole knowledge of germline engineering on human embryos and gametes. Human genome manipulation began in the 1980’s when discoveries of pronuclear microinjection exploded. According to Kevin Smith, in 1980 Jon Gordon, author of The Science and Ethics of Engineering the Human Germ Line, demonstrated that exogenous DNA, also known DNA that originates outside of the organism of study, could be introduced into the germline simply by the physical injection of a solution of cloned DNA into a zygote, also known as the diploid cell from the fusion of an ovum and a sperm cell (Smith 77). After this landmark discovery from Jon Gordon, pronuclear microinjection, was the most widely accepted method of germline manipulation although it was outstandingly expensive (Smith 79). The procedure of pronuclear microinjection consisted ofShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Organisms And Reproductive Cloning1648 Words   |  7 Pagesselect for traits that would be more desirable. This type of genetic modification has proven to be quite successful and has been used f or many generations. Presently scientists are genetically modifying organisms in order to produce more desirable traits. Genetically modified organisms (GMO), are organisms that have a genome that has been engineered in a laboratory in order to produce desired biological products or to express a desired physiological trait (Diaz 2014). Scientists are able to accomplishRead MoreEssay about Genetic Manipulation or Genetic Engineering952 Words   |  4 PagesGenetic manipulation, also referred to as ‘genetic engineering’ or ‘genetic modification’, is the change of an organism’s gene through the use of modern biotechnology techniques. There are various forms of genetic manipulation, including transgenic organisms, cloning, and gene therapy etc. Transgenic organisms, also known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), are organisms that possess a foreign gene in its genome. This is achieved through recombinant DNA technology, which involves either theRe ad More Are Genetically Modified Foods the Way to Go? Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesconsuming genetically modified and processed foods every day. Genetically modified and process foods cover roughly 60 to 70% of our food supply. Supermarket processed food items now test positive for the presence of genetically modified ingredients. The hidden menu of these unlabeled genetically modified foods and food ingredients in the US now includes soybeans, soy oil, corn, potatoes, squash, canola oil, cotton seed oil, papaya, tomatoes, and dairy products. But genetic manipulation is somethingRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1271 Words   |  6 Pagesbiotechnology, in which modern techniques directly manipulate genomes allowingthe transfer of specific trait genes from one organism to be inserted into another organism changing its genes. In doing so, an organism with the transferred gene may express the traits that it would not have naturally. These Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) or Transgenic Organisms are typically created for the benefits of humansserving in medical use where genetically modified bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E.Coli) canRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Babies1502 Words   |  7 Pagesto people’s fear of Genetically Modified Babies, which is â€Å"a biologically radical technique referred to by terms including ‘mitochondrial replacement,’ and ‘nuclear genome transfer,’ [these techniques] would produce modifications in every cell of any resulting children† (Cussin and Darnovsky 16). This procedure takes the fetus’s cells and allows the doctors to manipulate the cells in any matter they want; then, the cells are placed in the women’s egg. Unfortunately, Genetically Modified Babies areRead MoreThe Stigma Against Genetically Modified Foods Kill People1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe stigma against genetically modified foods kill people. How, you think? How does simply an idea cause the death of thousands of people? First of all, genetic modification is the direct manipulation of an organism s genome by changing the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. Genetically modified organisms are food crops that have been created through application of transgenic, gene-splicing techniquesRead MoreWhat Is Gm Foods And The Process Of Producing Gm Food Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesGM foods. Furthermore, a section will be dedicated to explaining the duties of the government agencies that regulate the GM foods. Finally, I will make an inferred conclusion as to the safety and fitness of GM foods for human consumption. The definition of GM foods Genetically engineered foods have had foreign genes (genes from other plants or animals) inserted into their genetic codes. Genetic engineering can be done with plants, animals or bacteria, and other microorganisms. The aim of theRead MoreEssay on The Perils of Genetic Screening and Gene Therapy1079 Words   |  5 PagesThe Perils of Genetic Screening and Gene Therapy      Ã‚   When we contemplate manipulation of the human genome, we tend to frame the debate in terms of the potential consequences for our children, or our childrens children. These are the individuals whose lives, and whose genes, are most likely to be effected by the rapidly advancing field of human genetics. Thus, while generations have always been conscious about the external environment bequeathed to their children, we of this generation mayRead MoreThe Invention Of Designer Babies1257 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Throughout the world, the potential to genetically modify embryos has created controversy whether this procedure if ‘morally correct.’ ‘Designer babies’ have been created by screening embryos for genetic diseases. However, ‘Designer babies’ has also been used to contain selected desired qualities such as eye colour, hair colour and skin complexion. The question remains, â€Å"where is the line drawn for ‘designer babies?’† In Vitro Fertilisation â€Å"In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) is a procedureRead MoreDn Dna And Dna1128 Words   |  5 Pagesallow for manipulation. Screening is then done using cultures such as E.coli bacterial lawns. The cDNA is then tested to ascertain that it achieves the required objective. (A cDNA library comprises of sequences complementary to the mRNA.) Question 2 Genomics is a discipline of genetics that deals with sequencing and analysis of an organism’s genome. Genomics is achieved by applying recombinant DNA, gene sequencing methods and bioinformatics to analyze the structure and functions of a genome (the complete

Preventing Delinquency And Its Effects On Society

Preventing delinquency, says Peter Greenwood, not only saves young lives from being wasted, but also prevents adult criminal careers and reduces the burden of crime on its victims and on society. He claims that it costs states billions of dollars a year to arrest, prosecute, incarcerate, and treat juvenile offenders. Investing in successful delinquency-prevention programs can save taxpayers seven to ten dollars for every dollar invested, primarily in the form of reduced spending on prisons. The most successful community-based programs are those that have huge family interactions, probably because they focus on providing skills to the adults who are in the best position to supervise and train the child. (Sanders (2005) (Greenwood, 2008) states that researchers have identified many â€Å"proven delinquency-prevention programs. Other programs such as these are still being looked into. In his article, Greenwood reviews the methods used to identify the best programs, explains how progra m success is measured and it can play a huge role in many communities and different forms of society The most successful programs are those that prevent youth from engaging in delinquent behaviors from the jump, before it even really sprouts out. Greenwood specifically cites home-visiting programs that target pregnant teens and their at-risk infants and preschool education for at-risk children that includes home visits or work with parents. Successful school-based programs are very useful becauseShow MoreRelatedBreaking Down the Walls of Delinquency1685 Words   |  7 PagesObviously something is going on in today’s society if more and more children are committing delinquent crimes. Sometimes a researcher has to get to what he or she thinks is the root of the problem to figure out what spawns a certain issue. What provokes a child to become delinquent and what makes the child gravitate so easily towards this lifestyle? It is necessary to explore how family life influences juvenile delinquency. Juveniles are more likely to become juvenile delinquents if there is littleRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivismsRead MoreCrime Prevention Programs And Juvenile Delinquency1378 Words   |  6 PagesCrime Prevention Programs Juvenile Delinquency Jenna Moffitt American Military University Professor Parkinson CMRJ295 November 29, 2015 Crime Prevention Programs Juvenile Delinquency Crime is the one constant thing in our country that will always be around. For decades we have enhanced our technology, changed our laws, put away criminals, but crime still, and will always exist. Crime prevention programs are put into place to help prevent juveniles and adults fromRead MoreThe First National Child Protection Legislation1434 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Historical Justifications. In 1974, the first national child protection legislation, The Child Abuse Prevention and Treat Act (CAPTA) became effective to promote awareness to communities and states to engage in identifying and preventing child abuse (Stein 1984). In order to realize the objectives of the Act, abuse must be defined. Defining abuse is hard to set in stone, as one concern is whether both physical and emotional abuse should be included or only one (Stein 1984). Another concern isRead MorePersonal Criminological Theory890 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing explored is social disorganization theory. According to this theory peoples tendency to take part in criminal activities is largely determined by the neighborhood where they are brought up in especially if conditions favorable to crime and delinquency prevail in such places. 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The term juvenile delinquency refers to the antisocial or criminal activity under the age of 18 which violates the law. Everyone is affected b y juvenile crime, parents, teachers, families and neighbors. It is essential that programs areRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Crime Committed By A Young Person1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Juvenile is a young person who is between ages ten to eighteen and dependent on others for their survival. Delinquency refers to a crime committed by a young person. Juvenile Delinquency, for this reason, refers to a crime committed by a minor. The transition from childhood to adulthood is tough for some minors who end up in participating in criminal activities for survival. Much blame has been on the fall of social values, family ties and individuals. The disintegration of family norms has alsoRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act1577 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The purpose of this paper is to research the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act. The paper will focus on the purpose of this legislation, as well as the values that are expressed by this policy. This paper will not only address why this piece of legislation is important it will discuss the effects this act has had on the communities as well as the youths themselves. This paper, will also address the potential for change about the public attitudes towards the

Causes And Effects Of The French Revolution Essay Example For Students

Causes And Effects Of The French Revolution Essay French RevolutionFrench Revolution, one of the major revolutions in European history. The revolution marks a turning point in Frence history and in world history in general. Forms of government, morals, ideologies, and social development were greatly affected by it in all Europe and even in U. S. The beginning of the Frence Revolution in generally dated from June, 1789. But the crisis in political and economic affairs in France in that period was so great that social unrest, rioting, a and rebellion were common for two years before. The end of the revolutionary perios was marked by the establishment of the Empire by Napolean in 1804. The basic causes of the French Revolution were rooted in the rigidities of French society in the 18th century. Lines of distinction between classes were tightly drawn, and opportunites for social advancement were very few. The economy was not growing as fast as it should have been. Then needs of an increasing population were not being met. Governmet was inefficient and unrepresentative. Economic problems made the heavy tax exempt but neary so, while the peasents and middle classes were subjected to greater and greater burdens. Crops falied, and trade was stagnant. The people could no longer be taxed, but the government faced bankruptcy unless new revenues were found. The only soulution was to tax the privileged classes. But they were jealoous of their privileged posistion. Altought they were not completely unwilling to contribute some additional taxes, they never understood how grave the economis crisis was. They say the crises as only some form of financial corruption that could be explained away by firing the kings finace ministers. The libiral ideas of the French Enlightenment had been absorbed by some of the clergy and the nobility but only by a very few. The upper classes in France in 1789 were more jealous of their privileges then they had been at any time in the 100 years before. When the French aided the Americans during the American Revolution, they only sent men and ships and guns but lent saubstantial financial aid as well. As a result, the budget of the French government was thrown out of balance. When economic depression in France made the every growing debt even greater, the state seemed on the verge of bankruptcy. It was necessary to vote new taxes. The kings power was not as absoulute as he pretended it was, and no new taxes could be decreed unless the kings edicts were registered in the district courts, the parliaments. Their members were mostly members of the priviliged classes and were always ready to oppose the kings measures. Becuase of their continual refusal to register tax and reform edicts, it was necessary for the king, Louis XVI, to find some other way of legalizing his edicts France had never had a parliament exactly like the British, but it had a similar institution called the States-General. Unlike the British institution it met very frequently. The last one had met in 1616. The States-General was called, and it convened in May, 1789. The States-General was composed of three houses, or estates, calles the first, second, and third estates. The first represented the clerfy; the second, the nobility; and the third, the middle classes. The third estate contained as many members as the first and second combined. When the estates met, the third estate wished to vote with the first two houses. The clergy and nobility and the king insisted the houses vote separately. But the third decided that it was more representative of the French people than the other two estates and that it was not fair to allow the first two estates so much power. On June 17, 1789, they converted themselves into a National Assembly, or Constituent Assembly, and resolved to draw up a new consitution for France. The king closed down the hall, but the members went to a nearyby tennis court and there took an oath (June 20) not to disband until a constitution was written. .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 , .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 .postImageUrl , .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 , .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0:hover , .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0:visited , .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0:active { border:0!important; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0:active , .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0 .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7458ba28022a21f7fd4a92299c514da0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Existentialist Meaning of Life Essay The pressure of public opinion was so much in their favor that Louis XVI was forced to reconize them, as he did by the end of the month. Bad crops and famine conditions contributed to the unrest. During July there were spotaneous peasant uprisings all over France. On Jult 14 a Paris mob stormed and demolished the Bastille, and old fortress housing political prisoners. On August 4, the assembly, led by certain enlightened nobles, abolished feudal rights and privileges with compensation to owners. A few years later the compensation was also abolished. On August 27 a Declaration of the Rights of Man, similar to the American Bill of Rights, was issued. The new constitution was completed by July, 1790, and the king accepted it. But Louis XVIs behavior was never consistent. In July, 1791, he tried to flee the country in order to reconquer it with the aid of Austrain and Prussian armies. He was caught, however, and popular feeling ran against him. He now accepted a revised constitution, in September, 1791, and the assembly dissolved. A legislative assemble was elected, and it met from October, 1791, to September, 1792. The legislative assembly was dominated by the Girondists, who wished to set up a federal republic. When the war broke out with Austria in April, 1792, there was no longer any reason for tolerating Louis XVI. He had plotted with his wifes family, which ruled Austria, and was now an enemy of the state. The National Convention, which reigned from September, 1791, to October, 1795, was the government of the Reign of Terror. It was the one that executed the king in January, 1793. The convention was ruled by two committees under the domination of Roberspirre from 1793 to 1794. Robespierre saw to the execution of his enemies and was rampant, war was at the doorstep, and bread riots were common. The tide turned in another direction, and a stronger executive power in the form of the Dierctory (1795-1799) was set up. A five-man committe ruled the country. Meanwhile, Napolean was making his name famous by his military success. Napoleon allied with two directors in the Directory and with his btoher Lucien, who was president of the Council of Five Hundred, and assembly under the Directory. On Nov. 9, 1799, in the Coup dEtat de Brumaire he overthrewthe government. A forn of government modeled on the old Roman type was set up. Napoleon was elected first consul for ten years. By 1804 Napolean assumed the title of emperor, and absoulute monarachy was revied. Bibliography Microsoft Encarta, 1997 Sucdus Som Sibro Universal World Reference Enclopedia -Words/ Pages : 1,233 / 24

Essentials of Corporate Financial MGMT Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.What are the important factors that should be considered by tertiary sector employees when they are deciding whether to place their Superannuation Contributions in the Defined Benefit Plan or the Investment Choice Plan? 2.If the Efficient-Market Hypothesis is true, the Pension fund Manager might as well select a portfolio with a pin. Explain why this is not the case. Answers: 1.Employees working in the tertiary sector are the employees who are involved in availing the services that is working in providing the services of the employment area. In the tertiary as well as in the service sector there are three types of sectors. In these sections it is required that the employees should make their own superannuation fund because they are not working under any employer (Arnold, 2013). There are two major plans which are related with the superannuation from which employees are required to make the decision of choosing the most appropriate one. These two plans are defined benefit plans or investment choice plan. Choosing these two plans it is required that certain set of factors should be taken into consideration. Further discussion will help in making appropriate decision regarding selection of the appropriate plan (Bacon, 2010). Defined Benefit Plan In defined plan the amount that will be received in the near future is being decided in the initial phases. Employees working in the tertiary sector or in the service sector have to make the decisions regarding the future amount that will be received at the time of the retirement. It is a plan in which the amount which is being specified is being paid by both the parties which are employers as well as employees (Aslan, 2015). The amount which is to be specified is being decided on the basis of the earnings of the salary, his age, and the tenure of employees for which he will work. It could be used as the tool for increasing the salary or the pay of the employees (Arnold, 2013). Defined benefit plan is one of the most common plans which is being used by the employers in which the pension of the employees is being calculated (Aslan, 2015). So as to calculate the pension of the employees there are three variables which are required to be undertaken by the employers, these three variable s are: Pensionable Service which is the number of the years for which the pension is required to be paid to the employee (Baker and Filbeck, 2013) Pensionable earnings which is the estimation of the amount which will be drawn by the employee at the time when he will retire Accrual interest which is the portion of the earning which will be received by the employee at the scheme selected. (Baker and Filbeck, 2013) The formula with the help of which accrual interest of an individual is being calculated is under the defined benefit plan is: Number of the year worked x Salary at the time of the retirement x Accrual rate (Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009) With the help of the information gathered an analysis is being made that there are various factors on which the pension fund or the funds of the employees is dependent these factors are salary, number of the years of the services, and the accrual which belongs to the employee (Perry, 2011). This is a type of superannuation fund in which the employees can set the amount of the contribution in the funds and will be able to get the pension at the time of the superannuation according to the decisions made. Information related with all set of benefits could be provided to the employee at the time when the plan will be created. There are certain other set of taxes and the incentives which are being availed in the plan, hence it could be said that for tertiary sector employees defined benefit plan will be more suited (Rayman, 2013). Investment Choice Plan Investment choice plan is the plan in which the investments accounts will be opened with the investment companies and the amount of the investments could range from any amount. It is the plan in which the employer contribution and the employee contribution or any type of gain or the interest and the unit which is being earned during the period will be invested by both single and the multiple investments (PROJECT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE., 2017). In this plan, employees have the power of choosing the option of making the changes in the investments which is based on certain set of factors. One of the major advantages attached with the investment choice plan is that employee has the freedom to manage the superannuation funds on the basis of their requirements. Investment choice plan also provides a support to the employee that in this employee can make the portfolio of the investment or make the assets in which they want to invest in (Rayman, 2013). Certain set of strategies could be adopte d so as to use the investment choice plan. Some of the examples of the investment funds are investment funds, secure funds, trustee funds and stable funds. There are certain set of factors which are to be taken into consideration by the tertiary sector employees in the selection of defined benefit plan and the investment choice plans these factors are as follows: Risk Profile: One of the major considerations that could be made and should be taken into consideration by the tertiary sector employees is the level of risk they can bear while making an investment (Reilly and Brown, 2012). Defined benefit plan is the plan which includes less risk ad a defined amount will be received at the time of maturity. On the other hand investment choice plan includes higher risk as the investment is dependent on the choice of the employees. High risk is involved in the investment choice place and the superannuation amount that is being received is high (Valentine and Scott, 2011). Inflation Rate: The rate at which the dearness of the cost increases with the increase in the rate of the inflations. In order to make appropriate set of decisions related with the investments it is necessary that the superannuation contributions should taken into consideration. Defined benefit plan is a long term plan in which inflation plays a very vital role (Westerlund and Narayan, 2013). As the defined benefit plan is a longer period plan so the value of the money declines in the same after each yea. Hence, more concentration is required from the side of employees in the defined benefit plan so as to ensure that the appropriate set of return could be received on the date of maturity. Investment Time Period Time period of investment is taken into consideration while choosing a plan for retirement contribution. Employees should decide the time period of investment whether it is for long time duration or short duration (Valentine and Scott, 2011). For shorter period of time, investment choice plan is also beneficial and on the other side defined benefits plan is only beneficial for providing large benefits in long term. As a result, investor should focus on the investment time period before choosing a plan (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2009). Financial objectives Every individual sets its own financial goal. There are various financial aspects related to the investment plan that must be focused upon before making a decision of investment (Bacon, 2010). If employees of tertiary sector have a goal to earn more revenue as well as also capable for taking risk then investment choice plan is for them. But if employees want to get pension income at moderate level on constant rate then in this situation defined benefit plan is beneficial. Problems associated with Time value of money concept Time value of money defines the conception based on decreasing the worth of money in the upcoming period of time. Time value of money plays an important role in choosing the plan for retirement contribution (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2009). Time value of money management is considered as difficult task and for that purpose both plans defined benefit plan and investment choice plan play their role accordingly. They both have their own procedure and treatment for managing the funds which helps in process of decision making of selecting retirement contribution. This concept is beneficial to calculate the nearby value of retirement contribution as well as an amount of pension which is to be received at the time of retirement or after it. Existing rate of inflation and current market trends are considered as a few factors that provide a proper support to the concept of time value of money in making decision (Shim, 2012). Time value of money is helpful in calculating the current value of contribution which is made for retirement and also calculate the amount which is to be received after the superannuation. Inflation rate can help in adjusting the contribution present value and pension amount that is to be received at superannuation period. In this concept, real cash flows problems associated with retirement contribution and amount which will receive has been taken into consideration (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2009). Recommendation It is concluded on the basis of above clarification that between these two plans desired benefit and investment choice, the plan which should be selected for superannuation contribution is investment choice plan as it is most customised plan and involves high returns (Baxamusa, Mohanty and Rao, 2015). This plan is suggested to select because it is considered that this is highly flexible plan in respect to establishing retirement plan as well as cash inflows and outflows. One more reason to select investment choice plan is that the amount of pension in defined benefit plan is remain stable, not even increases but in investment choice plan there is a possibility of amount increment on the accordance with the situation of market (Cox, Lin, Tian and Yu, 2013). 2.Efficient market hypothesis In efficient market hypothesis, organizations stock price or commodity price reveal the relevant set of information about current financial status of the company. In another term, efficient market hypothesis is used to identify the stock and share prices of an organization with the help of collecting set of information regarding company. This is implied by efficient market hypothesis that the prices of stock or asset at always its fair value in which no one can get loss or profit in the market. The theory of efficient market hypothesis has been contrasting on availability of various factors which are responsible for setting the price of assets (Khan and Ikram, 2010). So, on that basis the selection of investment can be chosen with ease without putting any extra efforts or skills. In efficient market hypothesis, there is no any intimation about the information regarding past, market trends analysis, market conditions and market information has been taken to the price of asset or stock . In this hypothesis, the stock prices are stable or do not make any movement due to market trends (Karapinar, Zaif and Torun, 2012). Pension fund managers responsibility in managing the portfolio There is not much responsibility of fund manager in managing the portfolio as the prices of stock or assets remain same and do not change. In this hypothesis, the role of fund manager will be ended soon as there is no need to focus on any aspect. By this hypothesis, the pension fund manager role and importance will be diminished as there is no intimation of past market trends have been taken into. In investment choice plan, there is a task for the pension fund manager to update the plan as well as portfolio of the employees. But in efficient market hypothesis it is not necessary (Westerlund, Norkute and Narayan, 2014). It can be assumed by the above discussion that this type of theory as explained in efficient market hypothesis does not have any existence because there are various aspects that are taken into consideration during the time of investment for retirement (Valentine and Scott, 2011). This type of case does not exist into the market because there are various forces which are responsible to influence the price of stock or assets. As it is described that there is no need of hire fund manager for managing the portfolio because all investor would earn same amount of revenue in this type of situation (Shim, 2012). So as a result, it is assumed that efficient market hypothesis is not relevant theory and it does not exist in real market situation as well as in the market of investment. It is proven that efficient market theory is unproved and unclear (Westerlund, Norkute and Narayan, 2014). References Arnold, G., 2013.Essentials of corporate financial management. Harlow, England: Pearson. Aslan, H., 2015. Do Lending Relationships Affect Corporate Financial Policies?.Financial Management, 45(1), pp.141-173. Bacon, F., 2010.Corporate financial management. Acton, MA: Copley Custom Textbooks. Baker, H. and Filbeck, G., 2013.Portfolio theory and management. New York: Oxford University Press. Westerlund, J., Norkute, M. and Narayan, P., 2014. A Factor Analytical Approach to the Efficient Futures Market Hypothesis.Journal of Futures Markets, 35(4), pp.357-370. Westerlund, J. and Narayan, P., 2013. Testing the Efficient Market Hypothesis in Conditionally Heteroskedastic Futures Markets.Journal of Futures Markets, 33(11), pp.1024-1045. Valentine, T. and Scott, C., 2011.Modern financial and investment planning. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Shim, J., 2012.Time value of money and fair value accounting. Kent: Global Professional Publishing Ltd. Reilly, F. and Brown, K., 2012.Investment analysis portfolio management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Rayman, R., 2013.Accounting Standards. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Project Management Institute, 2017.Standard for Portfolio Management. [S.l.]: Project Management Inst. Peterson Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F., 2009.Foundations and applications of the time value of money. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Perry, M., 2011.Business driven project portfolio management. Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.: J. Ross Pub. Paramasivan, C. and Subramanian, T., 2009.Financial management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Khan, A. and Ikram, S., 2010. Testing Semi-Strong Form of Efficient Market Hypothesis in Relation to the Impact of Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) Investments on Indian Capital Market.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, pp.373-379. Karapinar, A., Zaif, F. and Torun, S., 2012. Accounting Policies in the Extractive Industry: A Global and a Turkish Perspective.Australian Accounting Review, 22(1), pp.40-50. Cox, S., Lin, Y., Tian, R. and Yu, J., 2013. Managing Capital Market and Longevity Risks in a Defined Benefit Pension Plan.Journal of Risk and Insurance, 80(3), pp.585-620. Baxamusa, M., Mohanty, S. and Rao, R., 2015. Information Asymmetry about Investment Risk and Financing Choice.Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 42(7-8), pp.947-964.

5 Cases of a Missing Hyphen

5 Cases of a Missing Hyphen 5 Cases of a Missing Hyphen 5 Cases of a Missing Hyphen By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, omission of a hyphen hinders comprehension; discussion and a revision follows each example. 1. Two and a half months elapse between when the president elect is declared the winner of the election and when he or she takes office. The noun phrase â€Å"president-elect,† based on French syntax (in which adjectives follow nouns), is hyphenated, which helps the reader identify elect as an adjective rather than a verb: â€Å"Two and a half months elapse between when the president-elect is declared the winner of the election and when he or she takes office.† (Phrases referring to mixed fractions, such as â€Å"two and a half,† are often erroneously hyphenated; hyphens are correct only when such a phrase, accompanied by a word referring to a unit of time or distance, collectively modify a noun, such as in â€Å"two-and-a-half-month period.†) 2. I’m just looking for some good tasting coffee. As written, this sentence refers to a type of beverage known as tasting coffee and describes it as good. However, to express a sentiment about coffee that tastes good, hyphenate the phrasal adjective: â€Å"I’m just looking for some good-tasting coffee.† 3. Such documentation requires a decision-tree type approach, in which someone must decide each path to achieve an appropriate control structure. The type of omission illustrated in the previous example can also occur in a phrasal adjective that consists of more than two words. The sentence refers not to a type approach of a decision-tree nature but to an approach of a decision-tree-type nature: â€Å"Such documentation requires a decision-tree-type approach in which someone must decide each path to achieve an appropriate control structure.† 4. It might be a destination you stumbled across on a must-see list on a travel blog or heard was a can’t miss landmark. The writer of this sentence inexplicably correctly hyphenated the phrase â€Å"must see,† which modifies list, but overlooked the necessity of hyphenating the words â€Å"can’t miss,† which serve the same function in describing a kind of landmark: â€Å"It might be a destination you stumbled across on a must-see list on a travel blog or heard was a can’t-miss landmark.† (These phrases should be hyphenated when employed as nouns as well (as in â€Å"The Parthenon is a must-see for visitors to Greece†). 5. The study distinguishes between high and low-risk activities. This sentence refers not to high activities and low-risk activities but to high-risk and low-risk activities, but it does so elliptically, observing the convention that when a two phrasal adjectives in sequence share the same second word, the first can be omitted- but the hyphen must be retained so that the reader knows to supply the implied word: â€Å"The study distinguishes between high- and low-risk activities.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†26 Feel-Good WordsDouble Possessive

How to Write an Essay Sample For a Contest

How to Write an Essay Sample For a ContestThe How to Write an Essay Sample is a one-of-a-kind opportunity to master the art of writing an essay without sacrificing the joy of learning to write. Having a chance to write this unique essay sample for a contest or publication is a once in a lifetime opportunity. Have you ever dreamed of writing an essay and being published as a published author?Submit your essay and sample to a contest, article submission, or for any other reason you may have. Get published and possibly get an award. Create a novel or become a published author.The How to Write an Essay Sample is filled with all the basic information about how to write an essay. First, let's explore the topic. You want to make sure that you use effective essay style. Even though there are hundreds of styles to choose from, you want to choose the style that best suits your personality and that also serves your purpose.After you have thought of the topic, it is an important question to answ er. Who will read your essay? You can write it yourself or you can hire a professional writer.There are numerous places you can submit your essay to be published. A contest is the most common. There are hundreds of contests every year for writers from any genre and from all over the world.The question is how to submit the essay to a contest. You must understand that contests generally give you a word count of around sixty thousand words, however, remember that if you are submitting your essay for publication you should submit to a contest that has a word count of at least three hundred thousand words. Ifyou do not want to publish your essay, but are still looking for a contest that will publish your essay, then consider submitting a free sample.The How to Write an Essay Sample is not the only sample to write an essay. Other samples include: Best Selling Author, Best Book Review, Book Review, Character Study, Complex Characters, Date Study, Decorating, Documentary, Encyclopedic, Expl ainer, Families and Parenting, First Person Narrative, Funny, Fun, Gross, Grotesque, Humorous, Interesting, Insulting, Inventive, Interesting Narrative, Jazz, Knowledge, Learning, Masterpieces, Mature, Novel, Night, Offbeat, Parody, Picture, Personal, Perfect, Personality, Profane, Quotable, Rambling, Reasons, Relevance, Sentence, Short, Science, Shock and Awe, Talk, Text, Testimonial, Tract, Unique, Vanity, Vitruic, Visible, Writing Tips, Writing Sample, Well-Written, White, and Word Counts. You are given the opportunity to learn more about these samples and to submit a sample for review. There are plenty of resources online that will help you with selecting the best sample.

Aravind Eye Hospital Essay Example

Aravind Eye Hospital Essay Example Aravind Eye Hospital Essay Aravind Eye Hospital Essay * What is Aravind’s mission? How successful is Aravind at achieving its mission? The mission is to bring eyesight to the masses of poor people in India, Asia, Africa and all over the world. To provide quality care as a non-profit eye hospital. To spread the Aravind model and offer hope in all parts of the world. Aravind has grown from a 20-bed hospital in 1976 to 1224 beds in 1992 as one of the biggest hospitals of its kind in the world. The Aravind organization consisted of main hospitals that charged for fees, free hospitals, eye camps, IOL factories with sponsors and volunteer organizations from all over the world. * What are the key factors that have led to Aravind’s success? What has Dr. V’s role been in creating that success? What challenges does Aravind currently face? * Key factors: Dr. V was inspired by Mahatman Gandhi and philosopher Swami Aurobindo, dedication through professional lives to serve humanity and God * Dr. V’s spiritual belief and committed to the mission of the hospital * Dr. V inspired his family and professionals to push the mind and body to its highest effort levels, worked twice as hard for half of the salary. * Dr.V has been the driving force behind the hospital * 90% of annual budget is self-generated, 10% from sources around the world, such as Royal Commonwealth Society for the Blind (UK) and the SEVA Foundation (USA). * Expend all surplus on modernizing and updating equipment and facilities with the generosity support from local business community * Spiritual approach sustaining the mission at Aravind * Challenges: franchising the model and spreading it around the world. * What type of customers do the free and paying hospitals serve? What are the similarities and differences in the service and care provided at the free and paying hospitals? Free Hospitals: * Outpatient facilities were not as organized, crowded and cramped rooms * Poorer patients, more commotion, longer wait * ICCE type surgeries, not as well equipped * No beds to recuperate and recover, 6 x 3 bamboo/coir mat spread out on the floor as a bed and small sized pillow. 20-30 patients with self-contained bathroom facilities * Detailed records were kept of all post-operative complications, such as iritis Paying Hospitals: * Patients paid for the services, Rs 500 to Rs 1000. With IOL implant total cost Rs 1500 to 2500 * Operation rooms were conducted in an efficient manner, well-paced, routine way The customers at the free hospitals are poorer compared to the paying hospital * What issues does Dr. V. face in achieving his goal of â€Å"mass-marketing† cataract surgery throughout India and to the other parts of the world? What recommendations would you make to Dr. V. to help him achieve his goal? * India has the second largest population after China, with 20 million blind eyes and another 2 million added annually. With the per-capita income Rs 6800 who couldn’t afford private treatment, $200 million would be required to overcome the blindness problem just in the country. * Despite the effort in eye camps and surgery camps in remote areas, villagers are not responsive to treatment due to various reasons, such as fear of surgery, can’t afford food and transportation. Lack of organizational skills, creating propaganda, organizing logistics. Recommendations: * I would recommend that putting a protocol in place by establishing step by step procedures and instructions. Assign a training sector for building eye camps, surgery camps, sponsors and volunteer groups. Regulations and rules must be applied to all areas in order to provide standards and consistencies in quality eye care. Well run group such as the Dindigul group can assist other camps and lead the initiative. To reach the general audience and promote the Aravind mission through public media, such as TV, internet and newspaper or publications in remote areas. * Establish brand recognition as a marketing tool for the Aravind group and present the mission with the brand signature. As you prepare the case for discussion, please consider the following: Business Model and Financial Analysis: How central is cataract surgery to Aravind’s â€Å"business†? What percent of all procedures at Aravind are for cataracts? (Exhibit 5) * 850 million population in 1991, second highest after China * 20 million blind eyes, another 2 million being added annually * Cataract was the main cause in 75-80% of the cases * Annual per-capita income was Rs 6800 ($275) over 70% below the Rs 2500 ($100) poverty line * 800 ophthalmologists performed nearly 1. 2 million cataract operations/year * 42000 eye hospital beds, free eye care and cataract surgery to people who couldn’t afford private treatment * 30% of cataract surgeries were performed in government sector * 40% for a fee, 30% free of cost by volunteer groups and NGOs * Allocation of Rs. 60 million ($2 million) annually for blindness prevention programs * $200 million would be required to overcome country’s blindness problem * Cataract was the major cause of blindness in developing countries, 75% of all cases in Asia. 80% were age-related, over 45 years age group * By 1992, the hospital group had screened 3. 65 million patients and performed 335000 cataract operations, 70% free of cost * What is Aravind’s gross margin? What does this mean? How much financial flexibility does this give them? (Exhibit 6) * Net surplus $18319363, 52% * Cash flow and marginal issues, not financially sufficient at Tirunelveli How does Aravind finance its operations? How sustainable is this financing model? * 90% of annual budget is self-generated, 10% from sources like Royal Commonwealth Society for the Blind in UK and SEVA Foundation in USA. What are Aravind’s biggest expenses? How well does Aravind manage its costs? * The three highest expenses: Stipends and staff salaries, IOL and Camps. The total expenditures are 48% which is still profitable for the Aravind to maintain the mission. Which of Aravind’s costs are variable and which are fixed? * fixed costs (for salaried labor, buildings, and equipment) * Variable costs (for medication and supplies) Operations: How efficient is Aravind (in % terms versus â€Å"industry standards†) at performing cataracts surgery? (Hint: look for information that will tell you how fast Aravind performs procedures versus the standard, and/or how many operations per doctor, or operations per bed, they perform versus the national average. ) Aravind had performed around 335000 cataract surgeries, 150 operations performed in 6 hours at the eye camp. 70% were free of cost for the poorest of India’s blind population What are the occupancy rates at the various facilities for free patients and paying patients? The occupancy rate for paying patients is 58% at the various facilities and for the free patients is 88%. How important is Aravind in terms of the number of cataract surgeries it performs each year? (in relation to the total number of cataract surgeries performed in India each year? i. e. what is Aravind’s â€Å"market share†? (exhibit 5 and page 3) 41013 cataract surgeries were performed vs. total 1. 2 million cataract operations performed in India. 40% were performed in the private sector for a fee, 30% in the government sector free cost to the patients, and remaining 30% were performed free of cost by volunteer groups and NGOs. Aravind in the 30% of the market share. How are its satellite hospitals at Tirunelveli and Theni doing? How are its eye camps performing? What problems, if any, exist, and why? The satellite hospitals are managed by Dr V’s sister, brother and close families. Some fundamental management problems exist due to cash flow issues. At Tirunelveli, they were unable to re-pay the cost-of-capital. The physical design are improved and the free section’s exam rooms are more spacious than at Madurai. Operating room capacity is better utilized with a central surgical facility, yet Tirunelveli is still not financially self-sufficient. Attracting quality people may become an issue due to the fast expansion. Training is provided on site and recruited by the hospital. Common challenges for eye camps: organizational skills, creating propagandas, organizing the logistics. Lack of consistency on principles and procedures. The Dindigul camp was well run and organized with trained teachers and involved sponsors. Marketing: Aravind divides its customers into paying and nonpaying. What does it promise to each? Quality eye care is delivered to both sections. At the non paying section, the outpatient facilities are not as organized, more crowded and cramped. Longer wait due to the number of patients. No beds to recuperate and recover, but a 6’ x 3’ bamboo mat in a large room and self-contained bathroom facilities. At the paying section, the operation rooms are conducted in an efficient and well paced, routine manner. Detailed record are kept on all patients in both areas. IOL implants are offered for paying patients due to cost. How does Aravind differentiate its marketing plan to its different types of customers? For each, consider: communications, pricing, type of service and delivery of service. Transportation and food are provided for poor patients in the eye camp, with free counsel offered to the patients. Eye camps are sponsored by local business enterprise or social service organization. Public announcement, pamphlets and advertisement were distributed 1-3 weeks in advance. What proportion of Aravind’s patients are paying versus non-paying? (Exhibit 5)? What is the trend in terms of the proportion of free vs. paid? Are free patients an increasing or decreasing percentage of total patients? (Hint – use #’s from exhibits 4 and 5) 38% of the surgeries are performed for the paying patients vs. 62% for free patients. There is a 1% increase in 1991 for paying patients, and a slight decrease of 0. 5% in non paying patients. Free patients are a decreasing trend comparing 1991 to 1990 but overall trending is still on the rise throughout the years. 40% of the patients are paying vs. 60% are non-paying. Organizational Behavior: How has Dr. V’s leadership style contributed to his success? Dr. V attracted his family and professionals to his Aravind group with his philosophy. To serve humanity and God through your dedication in the profession. What is Aravind’s corporate culture? What practices and/or policies have created this culture and contribute to its sustainability? Aravind provides continuous training to its ophthalmic personnel, research and training collaborations with St Vincent’s hospital in NYC and University of Illinois’ Eye and Ear Infirmary in Chicago. Ophthalmologists are sent to those institutions to do their residency. Through the unfailing support of his family members, the Aravind has a strong alliance built on devotion and dedication. How does Dr. V. attract and motivate the best eye doctors in the world to work with him? Dedication and devotion to the practice. All doctors in residence were gradually conditioned physically for long hours of concentrated work. The doctors at Aravind are trained to work double than the government hospitals. They dedicate themselves for helping people through a spiritual experience. Doctors were encouraged to attend conferences, publish papers, buy books, and are encouraged to do anything to advance their professional standing in the field. Despite the fact that their salaries are consistent with their reputation in the field, the doctors work twice as hard for half the salary. How essential is Dr. V. to Aravind? What will happen to the company after he is gone? Dr. V has established the structure for Aravind. His philosophy has embedded in the mind of his staff . His legacy will be carried on through dedication to the mission of the hospital. As they implement structure to the organization through policies and procedures, improvements will be made through eye camps and surgery camps continuously. As the mission spread around the world through marketing the Aravind model, Dr. V’s philosophy will be remembered and celebrated. The mission is to bring eyesight to the masses of poor people in India, Asia, Africa and all over the world. To provide quality care as a non-profit eye hospital. To spread the Aravind model and offer hope in all parts of the world. Succession plans are in place for Tirunelveli Hospital and Coimbatore Hospital.