5 Cases of a Missing Hyphen

5 Cases of a Missing Hyphen 5 Cases of a Missing Hyphen 5 Cases of a Missing Hyphen By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, omission of a hyphen hinders comprehension; discussion and a revision follows each example. 1. Two and a half months elapse between when the president elect is declared the winner of the election and when he or she takes office. The noun phrase â€Å"president-elect,† based on French syntax (in which adjectives follow nouns), is hyphenated, which helps the reader identify elect as an adjective rather than a verb: â€Å"Two and a half months elapse between when the president-elect is declared the winner of the election and when he or she takes office.† (Phrases referring to mixed fractions, such as â€Å"two and a half,† are often erroneously hyphenated; hyphens are correct only when such a phrase, accompanied by a word referring to a unit of time or distance, collectively modify a noun, such as in â€Å"two-and-a-half-month period.†) 2. I’m just looking for some good tasting coffee. As written, this sentence refers to a type of beverage known as tasting coffee and describes it as good. However, to express a sentiment about coffee that tastes good, hyphenate the phrasal adjective: â€Å"I’m just looking for some good-tasting coffee.† 3. Such documentation requires a decision-tree type approach, in which someone must decide each path to achieve an appropriate control structure. The type of omission illustrated in the previous example can also occur in a phrasal adjective that consists of more than two words. The sentence refers not to a type approach of a decision-tree nature but to an approach of a decision-tree-type nature: â€Å"Such documentation requires a decision-tree-type approach in which someone must decide each path to achieve an appropriate control structure.† 4. It might be a destination you stumbled across on a must-see list on a travel blog or heard was a can’t miss landmark. The writer of this sentence inexplicably correctly hyphenated the phrase â€Å"must see,† which modifies list, but overlooked the necessity of hyphenating the words â€Å"can’t miss,† which serve the same function in describing a kind of landmark: â€Å"It might be a destination you stumbled across on a must-see list on a travel blog or heard was a can’t-miss landmark.† (These phrases should be hyphenated when employed as nouns as well (as in â€Å"The Parthenon is a must-see for visitors to Greece†). 5. The study distinguishes between high and low-risk activities. This sentence refers not to high activities and low-risk activities but to high-risk and low-risk activities, but it does so elliptically, observing the convention that when a two phrasal adjectives in sequence share the same second word, the first can be omitted- but the hyphen must be retained so that the reader knows to supply the implied word: â€Å"The study distinguishes between high- and low-risk activities.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†26 Feel-Good WordsDouble Possessive

How to Write an Essay Sample For a Contest

How to Write an Essay Sample For a ContestThe How to Write an Essay Sample is a one-of-a-kind opportunity to master the art of writing an essay without sacrificing the joy of learning to write. Having a chance to write this unique essay sample for a contest or publication is a once in a lifetime opportunity. Have you ever dreamed of writing an essay and being published as a published author?Submit your essay and sample to a contest, article submission, or for any other reason you may have. Get published and possibly get an award. Create a novel or become a published author.The How to Write an Essay Sample is filled with all the basic information about how to write an essay. First, let's explore the topic. You want to make sure that you use effective essay style. Even though there are hundreds of styles to choose from, you want to choose the style that best suits your personality and that also serves your purpose.After you have thought of the topic, it is an important question to answ er. Who will read your essay? You can write it yourself or you can hire a professional writer.There are numerous places you can submit your essay to be published. A contest is the most common. There are hundreds of contests every year for writers from any genre and from all over the world.The question is how to submit the essay to a contest. You must understand that contests generally give you a word count of around sixty thousand words, however, remember that if you are submitting your essay for publication you should submit to a contest that has a word count of at least three hundred thousand words. Ifyou do not want to publish your essay, but are still looking for a contest that will publish your essay, then consider submitting a free sample.The How to Write an Essay Sample is not the only sample to write an essay. Other samples include: Best Selling Author, Best Book Review, Book Review, Character Study, Complex Characters, Date Study, Decorating, Documentary, Encyclopedic, Expl ainer, Families and Parenting, First Person Narrative, Funny, Fun, Gross, Grotesque, Humorous, Interesting, Insulting, Inventive, Interesting Narrative, Jazz, Knowledge, Learning, Masterpieces, Mature, Novel, Night, Offbeat, Parody, Picture, Personal, Perfect, Personality, Profane, Quotable, Rambling, Reasons, Relevance, Sentence, Short, Science, Shock and Awe, Talk, Text, Testimonial, Tract, Unique, Vanity, Vitruic, Visible, Writing Tips, Writing Sample, Well-Written, White, and Word Counts. You are given the opportunity to learn more about these samples and to submit a sample for review. There are plenty of resources online that will help you with selecting the best sample.

Aravind Eye Hospital Essay Example

Aravind Eye Hospital Essay Example Aravind Eye Hospital Essay Aravind Eye Hospital Essay * What is Aravind’s mission? How successful is Aravind at achieving its mission? The mission is to bring eyesight to the masses of poor people in India, Asia, Africa and all over the world. To provide quality care as a non-profit eye hospital. To spread the Aravind model and offer hope in all parts of the world. Aravind has grown from a 20-bed hospital in 1976 to 1224 beds in 1992 as one of the biggest hospitals of its kind in the world. The Aravind organization consisted of main hospitals that charged for fees, free hospitals, eye camps, IOL factories with sponsors and volunteer organizations from all over the world. * What are the key factors that have led to Aravind’s success? What has Dr. V’s role been in creating that success? What challenges does Aravind currently face? * Key factors: Dr. V was inspired by Mahatman Gandhi and philosopher Swami Aurobindo, dedication through professional lives to serve humanity and God * Dr. V’s spiritual belief and committed to the mission of the hospital * Dr. V inspired his family and professionals to push the mind and body to its highest effort levels, worked twice as hard for half of the salary. * Dr.V has been the driving force behind the hospital * 90% of annual budget is self-generated, 10% from sources around the world, such as Royal Commonwealth Society for the Blind (UK) and the SEVA Foundation (USA). * Expend all surplus on modernizing and updating equipment and facilities with the generosity support from local business community * Spiritual approach sustaining the mission at Aravind * Challenges: franchising the model and spreading it around the world. * What type of customers do the free and paying hospitals serve? What are the similarities and differences in the service and care provided at the free and paying hospitals? Free Hospitals: * Outpatient facilities were not as organized, crowded and cramped rooms * Poorer patients, more commotion, longer wait * ICCE type surgeries, not as well equipped * No beds to recuperate and recover, 6 x 3 bamboo/coir mat spread out on the floor as a bed and small sized pillow. 20-30 patients with self-contained bathroom facilities * Detailed records were kept of all post-operative complications, such as iritis Paying Hospitals: * Patients paid for the services, Rs 500 to Rs 1000. With IOL implant total cost Rs 1500 to 2500 * Operation rooms were conducted in an efficient manner, well-paced, routine way The customers at the free hospitals are poorer compared to the paying hospital * What issues does Dr. V. face in achieving his goal of â€Å"mass-marketing† cataract surgery throughout India and to the other parts of the world? What recommendations would you make to Dr. V. to help him achieve his goal? * India has the second largest population after China, with 20 million blind eyes and another 2 million added annually. With the per-capita income Rs 6800 who couldn’t afford private treatment, $200 million would be required to overcome the blindness problem just in the country. * Despite the effort in eye camps and surgery camps in remote areas, villagers are not responsive to treatment due to various reasons, such as fear of surgery, can’t afford food and transportation. Lack of organizational skills, creating propaganda, organizing logistics. Recommendations: * I would recommend that putting a protocol in place by establishing step by step procedures and instructions. Assign a training sector for building eye camps, surgery camps, sponsors and volunteer groups. Regulations and rules must be applied to all areas in order to provide standards and consistencies in quality eye care. Well run group such as the Dindigul group can assist other camps and lead the initiative. To reach the general audience and promote the Aravind mission through public media, such as TV, internet and newspaper or publications in remote areas. * Establish brand recognition as a marketing tool for the Aravind group and present the mission with the brand signature. As you prepare the case for discussion, please consider the following: Business Model and Financial Analysis: How central is cataract surgery to Aravind’s â€Å"business†? What percent of all procedures at Aravind are for cataracts? (Exhibit 5) * 850 million population in 1991, second highest after China * 20 million blind eyes, another 2 million being added annually * Cataract was the main cause in 75-80% of the cases * Annual per-capita income was Rs 6800 ($275) over 70% below the Rs 2500 ($100) poverty line * 800 ophthalmologists performed nearly 1. 2 million cataract operations/year * 42000 eye hospital beds, free eye care and cataract surgery to people who couldn’t afford private treatment * 30% of cataract surgeries were performed in government sector * 40% for a fee, 30% free of cost by volunteer groups and NGOs * Allocation of Rs. 60 million ($2 million) annually for blindness prevention programs * $200 million would be required to overcome country’s blindness problem * Cataract was the major cause of blindness in developing countries, 75% of all cases in Asia. 80% were age-related, over 45 years age group * By 1992, the hospital group had screened 3. 65 million patients and performed 335000 cataract operations, 70% free of cost * What is Aravind’s gross margin? What does this mean? How much financial flexibility does this give them? (Exhibit 6) * Net surplus $18319363, 52% * Cash flow and marginal issues, not financially sufficient at Tirunelveli How does Aravind finance its operations? How sustainable is this financing model? * 90% of annual budget is self-generated, 10% from sources like Royal Commonwealth Society for the Blind in UK and SEVA Foundation in USA. What are Aravind’s biggest expenses? How well does Aravind manage its costs? * The three highest expenses: Stipends and staff salaries, IOL and Camps. The total expenditures are 48% which is still profitable for the Aravind to maintain the mission. Which of Aravind’s costs are variable and which are fixed? * fixed costs (for salaried labor, buildings, and equipment) * Variable costs (for medication and supplies) Operations: How efficient is Aravind (in % terms versus â€Å"industry standards†) at performing cataracts surgery? (Hint: look for information that will tell you how fast Aravind performs procedures versus the standard, and/or how many operations per doctor, or operations per bed, they perform versus the national average. ) Aravind had performed around 335000 cataract surgeries, 150 operations performed in 6 hours at the eye camp. 70% were free of cost for the poorest of India’s blind population What are the occupancy rates at the various facilities for free patients and paying patients? The occupancy rate for paying patients is 58% at the various facilities and for the free patients is 88%. How important is Aravind in terms of the number of cataract surgeries it performs each year? (in relation to the total number of cataract surgeries performed in India each year? i. e. what is Aravind’s â€Å"market share†? (exhibit 5 and page 3) 41013 cataract surgeries were performed vs. total 1. 2 million cataract operations performed in India. 40% were performed in the private sector for a fee, 30% in the government sector free cost to the patients, and remaining 30% were performed free of cost by volunteer groups and NGOs. Aravind in the 30% of the market share. How are its satellite hospitals at Tirunelveli and Theni doing? How are its eye camps performing? What problems, if any, exist, and why? The satellite hospitals are managed by Dr V’s sister, brother and close families. Some fundamental management problems exist due to cash flow issues. At Tirunelveli, they were unable to re-pay the cost-of-capital. The physical design are improved and the free section’s exam rooms are more spacious than at Madurai. Operating room capacity is better utilized with a central surgical facility, yet Tirunelveli is still not financially self-sufficient. Attracting quality people may become an issue due to the fast expansion. Training is provided on site and recruited by the hospital. Common challenges for eye camps: organizational skills, creating propagandas, organizing the logistics. Lack of consistency on principles and procedures. The Dindigul camp was well run and organized with trained teachers and involved sponsors. Marketing: Aravind divides its customers into paying and nonpaying. What does it promise to each? Quality eye care is delivered to both sections. At the non paying section, the outpatient facilities are not as organized, more crowded and cramped. Longer wait due to the number of patients. No beds to recuperate and recover, but a 6’ x 3’ bamboo mat in a large room and self-contained bathroom facilities. At the paying section, the operation rooms are conducted in an efficient and well paced, routine manner. Detailed record are kept on all patients in both areas. IOL implants are offered for paying patients due to cost. How does Aravind differentiate its marketing plan to its different types of customers? For each, consider: communications, pricing, type of service and delivery of service. Transportation and food are provided for poor patients in the eye camp, with free counsel offered to the patients. Eye camps are sponsored by local business enterprise or social service organization. Public announcement, pamphlets and advertisement were distributed 1-3 weeks in advance. What proportion of Aravind’s patients are paying versus non-paying? (Exhibit 5)? What is the trend in terms of the proportion of free vs. paid? Are free patients an increasing or decreasing percentage of total patients? (Hint – use #’s from exhibits 4 and 5) 38% of the surgeries are performed for the paying patients vs. 62% for free patients. There is a 1% increase in 1991 for paying patients, and a slight decrease of 0. 5% in non paying patients. Free patients are a decreasing trend comparing 1991 to 1990 but overall trending is still on the rise throughout the years. 40% of the patients are paying vs. 60% are non-paying. Organizational Behavior: How has Dr. V’s leadership style contributed to his success? Dr. V attracted his family and professionals to his Aravind group with his philosophy. To serve humanity and God through your dedication in the profession. What is Aravind’s corporate culture? What practices and/or policies have created this culture and contribute to its sustainability? Aravind provides continuous training to its ophthalmic personnel, research and training collaborations with St Vincent’s hospital in NYC and University of Illinois’ Eye and Ear Infirmary in Chicago. Ophthalmologists are sent to those institutions to do their residency. Through the unfailing support of his family members, the Aravind has a strong alliance built on devotion and dedication. How does Dr. V. attract and motivate the best eye doctors in the world to work with him? Dedication and devotion to the practice. All doctors in residence were gradually conditioned physically for long hours of concentrated work. The doctors at Aravind are trained to work double than the government hospitals. They dedicate themselves for helping people through a spiritual experience. Doctors were encouraged to attend conferences, publish papers, buy books, and are encouraged to do anything to advance their professional standing in the field. Despite the fact that their salaries are consistent with their reputation in the field, the doctors work twice as hard for half the salary. How essential is Dr. V. to Aravind? What will happen to the company after he is gone? Dr. V has established the structure for Aravind. His philosophy has embedded in the mind of his staff . His legacy will be carried on through dedication to the mission of the hospital. As they implement structure to the organization through policies and procedures, improvements will be made through eye camps and surgery camps continuously. As the mission spread around the world through marketing the Aravind model, Dr. V’s philosophy will be remembered and celebrated. The mission is to bring eyesight to the masses of poor people in India, Asia, Africa and all over the world. To provide quality care as a non-profit eye hospital. To spread the Aravind model and offer hope in all parts of the world. Succession plans are in place for Tirunelveli Hospital and Coimbatore Hospital.

Ecology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ecology - Essay Example such as inorganic aspects (carbon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water), organic compounds (protein, carbohydrates, lipids), climatic factors (temperature, moisture, light, topography), producers (plants), macro consumers and micro consumers (Unit 3: Ecosystems, 2004, p.56). Ecosystem is maintained by cycling nutrients and energy derived from the external sources. There are three levels in the ecosystem, where the first trophic level consists of the primary producers, that is, some bacteria, algae and plants. The herbivores that feed on the primary source like plants comprise the second trophic level and the third trophic level consists of the predators that consume the herbivores. Furthermore, the ecosystem also consists of another group called decomposers, which include worms, insects, bacteria, fungi, molds etc that â€Å"breakdown† the dead decaying substances, thus returning the nutrients to the soil (Unit 4: Ecosystems, n.d., p. 8). The gross primary productivity (GPP) of an ecosystem is the total amount of organic matter produced through photosynthesis, whereas the net primary productivity (NPP) refers to the energy that is present for plant growth â€Å"subtracting’ the amount that plant uses for respiration (9). In order to conduct detailed analysis of the ecosystem, one must first have a clear idea about ecosystem boundaries. The whole earth can be considered as an ecosystem because all things interact with each on earth. The ecosystem â€Å"distributed† regionally and globally can be identified by the common basic structural form (2 – Ecosystems and Their Services, n.d., p. 51). According to the analysis done by MA (Mill ennium Ecosystem Assessment), â€Å"10 categories† were made, namely, forest, island, dryland, polar, coastal, marine, inland water, mountain, cultivated and urban. These categories on their own cannot be considered as an ecosystem, but each category consists of many ecosystems, and the characteristic feature of all ecosystems are highly

The Hubble Telescope Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Hubble Telescope - Research Paper Example The Hubble telescope was the first space anchored telescope by man. Hubble has proven to be the key to the casket of knowledge pertaining to the skies of the space. It has helped in answering the most fascinating and intriguing queries of the astronomers of the planet Earth. The Hubble has had the privilege of researching out and about almost everything in the Universe known so far, from black holes to other solar systems in which planets revolve around stars similar to our own milky way. Astronomy was given a new meaning ever since Hubble endeavored upon its cruise as a result of which mankind has been steered on a new mission. The present study initiates from an introduction of what the universe is. It proceeds further with the reason behind the development of the Hubble Telescope and ventures into its twenty one year journey so far. THE UNIVERSE The Universe is everything around us. It has unimaginable boundaries that can neither be seen with naked human eye nor can be imagined. P resent studies state that the Universe is ever expanding. Known to be made up of dust particles, numerous metals, gases, stars, clouds, galaxies and life forms, the universe has been the source of inquisitiveness for man ever since ancient times. The planet Earth on which human beings reside is one planet in one of the innumerable solar systems that spread out in the universe. Earth’s sky is filled with small specks of distant celestial objects whether they be stars or anything else. The fact that these specks of light are not just light bulbs in the sky but actually are celestial objects became known to man only after inventions and discoveries in the field of information and communications technology. Prior to them man could think of the Universe only till where his imagination took him. HISTORY The advent of information and communications technology dates back to the days of Galileo. Galileo’s invention of the telescope in the year 1609 was the major breakthrough in looking up distant things. It was the phenomenon of telescope only that bought life into the mere light specks that the Earth’s night sky displayed. There was unanimity in the desire of all the scientists: to see further more and more into the skies. Galileo’s Earth based telescope

Principal’s Message Essay Example for Free

Principal’s Message Essay It is my pleasure reaching out to you in this December issue of the school newsletter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We all feel December when the winds are chilly and cold and mothers bring out the warm mittens, thick clothing, and socks to wrap their children and protect them from the cold. The sun sets early and gets dark even before 6 o’clock P.M. and students are advised to walk home in groups to secure them and make their way home safe. As soon as the children step out of the school and before they get to their homes, their safety is still our concern. In addition to this, the girls will have their overnighter as they make their way to their gender sensitivity training on December 7. Details and parent’s permit will be sent to each student on December 5, 2007 for their perusal and approval.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Allow me to post the following reminders to students, as well as their parents, to encourage cooperation and compliance of all concerned:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Progress reports for students will come out very soon in preparation for the evaluation of graduating students. Parents are requested to make a personal visit to the respective homeroom teachers of their children to discuss their academic progress.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -In connection with the forthcoming graduation, 8th grade parents are encouraged to take an active part in the graduation committee. Meeting with 8th grade teachers will be announced.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -The graduation picture taking will be rescheduled to December 14th for a longer period of preparation for the students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Bilingual parents should also take note of the English test with ISAT which will be conducted 10 weeks from this date. Necessary preparations should be undertaken to ensure good results in the said test.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In view of the volume of work for this month, all teachers and staff are expected to attend to their duties and refrain from early vacations, absences stating such alibis â€Å"sick and dying parents or family members,† which may not be true. Such absences will not be excused considering the exigency of the service.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In closing let me greet one and all a blessed Christmas and happiness in the coming year! Least we forget, Christ is the reason for the season†¦

Models of God, Humanity, and Nature My Experiences, Thoughts, and Criti

Models of God, Humanity, and Nature My Experiences, Thoughts, and Critical Analyses I ask a lot of questions; I’m a curious person. I once asked my mom why people die, why there are bad things in the world if God is so good and all-powerful. Her response was that we just couldn’t really understand why God does anything because we can’t comprehend God’s â€Å"master plan.† I’m sure that she was right, but that response is not very satisfying to a curious little boy. I saw an inconsistency in my understanding of reality, and I wanted to get things straight. I guess this little anecdote begins to illustrate a couple of my basic life principles. A concise explanation of how I look at the world is just this: We humans, as finite beings, use models to understand complex things – God, Nature, Humanity – and in doing so must simplify things. There’s nothing wrong with this simplification, as long as we know we are doing so and why. Our models of these complex things can be based on a number of things – usually logic, evidence, and our experiences (I’m probably exluding a powerful one, namely tradition). These varying models of reality, however, must be internally and externally consistent – that is, with themselves and with other models used by a single person. When the models used by a person are internally or externally inconsistent with themselves or with logic, evidence, or experiences, the first reaction is probably confusion (or maybe anxiety), but in the continued search for consistency, one can arrive at further insight and a desired level of comfort in oneself and the way one views reality. I guess this is sometimes called the search for the meaning of life, although that’s a rather grand phrase for ... ... Humanity, and Nature are inter-connected internally and externally, I must work to understand these relationships, and in doing so, I must work to maximize the enjoyment and well-being of all things related to me, directly and indirectly, consciously and unconsciously. Additionally, I must treat all manner of things (entities perhaps) as subjects, rather than objects, recognizing that each has a level of being and enjoyment that it can attain, with the help of me and the rest of the world. I must work to avoid and eliminate violence of all forms by using memory, empathy, imagination, and true forgiveness to short-circuit the cycle. If I live my life in a continual state of change, using creative, responsive, and responsible love persuasively to acheive a higher level of good, then I will be living in a way that’s consistent with process theology’s Christianity.